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The active components of a rechargeable NiCd battery in the charged state consist of nickel hydroxide (NiOOH) in the positive electrode and cadmium (Cd) in the negative electrode. For the electrolyte, usually caustic potash solution (potassium hydroxide) is used. Due to their low internal resistance and the very good current conducting properties sintered cells (involved chemical and physical process in the production of
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the electrodes) can supply extremely high currents and can be recharged rapidly. These cells are capable of sustaining temperatures down to -20°C. The selection of the separator (nylon or polypropylene) and the electrolyte (KOH, LiOH, NaOH) is also of great importance. These constituents influence the voltage conditions in the case of a high current discharge, the service life and the overcharging capability of the cell. In
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the case of misuse, a very high-pressure may arise quickly. For this reason these cells require a safety valve. Spring valves are clearly superior rubber valves, since spring valves are capable of closing reliably even after having opened several times. NiCd cells offer a long service life (depending on the type of application and charging unit up to 2000 cycles) thereby ensuring a high degree of the economy.
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